The Past, Present and Future of Intestinal In Vitro Cell Systems for Drug Absorption Studies

The intestinal epithelium acts as a selective barrier for the absorption of water, nutrients and orally administered drugs. To evaluate gastrointestinal permeability candidate molecule, scientists drug developers have multitude cell culture models at their disposal. Static transwell cultures constitute most extensively characterized in vitro system can accurately categorize molecules into low, intermediate high compounds. However, they lack key aspects physiology, including cellular complexity epithelium, flow, mechanical strain, or interactions with mucus microbes. emulate these features, variety different paradigms, microfluidic chips, organoids slice been developed. Here, we provide an updated overview systems critically review suitability studies. available data show that advanced offer impressive possibilities emulating complexity. there is paucity systematic studies benchmarking it remains unclear whether increase model costs translates improved predictions. In absence such data, conventional static remain current gold-standard paradigm